Not sure what filtering plans (if any) there are for OmniOutliner 4, but in OO3 there is no support for query operations on branches (subtrees) - the applescript where queries can only return matching rows, essentially as flattened list of records.

Might be worth asking, through Help > Send Feedback whether full path queries, with axes like "ancestors", "descendants" etc are likely to be introduced in OO4.

In the meanwhile, for this kind of thing I am personally using FoldingText, which stores values in key/value 'tags' and 'properties' rather than columns, but does have a full Xpath-based query language, which can (through a scripting interface) query the 'Axes' of tree structures (branches, lineages, sibling ranges etc) rather than just flattened lists of rows.

For particular purposes one could construct recursive applescripts which did something analogous in OO3, but this script does not do that, and making such scripts relatively general would take some work.

--