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You should find a clickable arrow with the text "due soon means" right underneath the header "Dates". This is where you can choose the next 24 hours as the span for your "Due Soon". If it is not there, try restarting the phone if you have not already.

If you use Omnifocus for Mac, however, you will be able to create your own, customised perspectives/groups with more advanced filtering. This will sync to your iphone. But, unfortunately, you cannot create these on the phone.